Scientific, technical publications in the nuclear field | IAEA Hardell L, Carlberg M, Mild KH, Eriksson M. Case-control study on the use of mobile and cordless phones and the risk for malignant melanoma in the head and neck region. A popular focus among researchers is the damage that microwave radiation causes in the central nervous system, in which it can impair learning and memory. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Since mobile phones are used in positions very close to the human body and require a large B. Cordless phones effect Cordless phone same worked like a mobile phone. Impairment of long-term potentiation induction is essential for the disruption of spatial memory after microwave exposure. 2011;343:5224. Annu Rev Physiol. The conclusions are shown in Table3. The former is now recognized worldwide as a method for evaluating learning and memory, while the latter is viewed as more susceptible to other factors. Perentos A, Cuesta-Soto F, Canciamilla A, Vidal B, Pierno L, Losilla NS, et al. The microwave will do its intended job of heating and will start to burn (or cook) the skin tissue. Wang LF, Tian DW, Li HJ, Gao YB, Wang CZ, Zhao L, et al. Regarding the ultra-structure of the hippocampus, symptoms including neuronal atrophy, mitochondrial swelling, crest reduction and a disordered arrangement were observed, the rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited cystic expansion, the number of synaptic vesicles decreased, and the synaptic cleft was widened (2.45GHz pulsed microwave field at an average power density of 1mW/cm2 for 3h/d for up to 30days [45] and an average power density of 2.5, 5, or 10mW/cm2 for 6min/d for up to 1month resulted in an average calculated SAR of 1.05, 2.1, and 4.2W/kg, respectively [46]). [105] identified stable C-T mutation sites at 217 points by screening for SNPs in the GRIN2B promoter region in rats. fMicrowave Radiation Comes From Many Sources, Including: Cell phones. PubMed Central Radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) radiation are electromagnetic radiation in the frequency ranges 3 kilohertz (kHz) - 300 Megahertz (MHz), and 300 MHz - 300 gigahertz (GHz), respectively. Schz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. Brain proteome response following whole body exposure of mice to mobile phone or wireless DECT base radiation. PLoS One. Concurrently, in the hippocampus, acetylcholine can promote learning and memory [115, 116]. A metabolomic approach to screening urinary metabolites upon microwave exposure in monkeys. PLoS One. In communications, the microwaves come from mobile phones and their base stations and microwave links, in addition to cordless phones, terrestrial trunked radios, blue tooth devices, wireless local area networks and many other applications. Richter ED, Berman T, Ben-Michael E, Laster R, Westin JB. After irradiation was applied for 2h/d for 60 d, the authors observed the following: microwave radiation produced by mobile phones damaged the brains of adult and young rats, the damage caused by mobile phones in the calling state was significantly more severe than that observed in the standby group, and the neurons of young rats were more seriously injured than those of adult rats. [63] exposed rat hippocampal neurons to microwaves (SAR values of 0.8W/kg and 2.4W/kg at an average power density of 1800MHz/d) and observed the formation of dendritic filopodial and dendritic branches and the maturation of dendritic spines in neurons from day 6 to 14. Each Wi-Fi exposure and restraint occurred for 2h/d during gestation until parturition. PubMed Naser D, Shahram T. Adverse health effects of occupational exposure to radiofrequency radiation in airport surveillance radar operators.
Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation - Health Effects | Occupational 2012;3:3440. Decreased synthesis of acetylcholine accompanying impaired oxidation of pyruvic acid in rat brain minces. Behav Brain Res. Krylova I, Dukhanin A, Il'in A, Kuznetsova EY, Balaeva N, Shimanovskii N, et al. static fields, health effects, human health, environmental effects, SCENIHR, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks Opinion to be cited as: Schz J, Jacobsen R, Olsen JH, Boice JD, McLaughlin JK, Johansen C. Cellular telephone use and cancer risk: update of a nationwide Danish cohort. Phot J. Int J Radiat Biol. Smythe JW, Costall B. Statistically significant changes were detected in the EEG- bands of six individuals and in the 1 and 2 bands of four subjects in the higher SAR group. 1997;44:99104. 2003;14:2436. Dasdag et al. 2009;63:10106. Int J Radiat Biol. 1994;15:95104. 2014;53:22230. 2000;11:4135. Wang H, Peng R, Zhou H, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. However, there is little scientific evidence to demonstrate that children are more sensitive to electromagnetic radiation than adults [24, 25]. [101] exposed rats to microwave radiation at frequencies of 0, 900, 1800 and 2450MHz (SARs: 0, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.66mW/kg, respectively) using a transverse electromagnetic cell for 2months for 2h/d, 5 d/week. Qiao et al. 2012;21:6209. However, in rats treated with long-term exposure to radiation, neurons exhibit edema and are arranged irregularly. Radial arm maze performance of rats following repeated low level microwave radiation exposure. Effect of microwave radiation on learning and memory. Symptoms included headache, paresthesia, diarrhea, malaise and lassitude. The microwave energy can be changed to warm up the food because this energy is absorbed by food & it does not prepare food contaminated or radioactive. Zhao L, Peng RY, Gao YB, Wang SM, Wang LF, Dong J, et al. Most studies have suggested that microwave radiation can cause EEG abnormalities in experimental animals and participants, but some negative results have also been reported in studies using low-power microwaves. 2 Researchers have been working.
Do Microwaves Affect Your Health? The Impact of Microwave Radiation - WebMD Researchers have also used the 12-arm maze test on rats to test spatial working ability after exposure to 2.45GHz pulse microwave radiation.
PDF Interactions of Electromagnetic Waves with Biological Tissue - EMR Aware 2012;112:1715. Int J Radiat Biol. Microwaves are widely used in broadcasting, communications and many industrial fields. Nicholson RM, Kusne Y, Nowak LA, LaFerla FM, Reiman EM, Valla J. Zhao et al. As a result, the existing data exhibit poor reproducibility and comparability. Additionally, in the 2.4W/kg group, neuronal filopodial density and activity were lower on day 8, and there was a reduction of the dendritic spine maturity on day 14.
Mobile Effects on Human Body - slideshare.net To investigate the potential combined influence of maternal restraint stress and 2.45GHz Wi-Fi signal exposure on postnatal development and behavior in the offspring of exposed rats, control, Wi-Fi-exposed, restrained and both Wi-Fi-exposed and restrained groups were established. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Adair ER. Chizhenkova R. Slow potentials and spike unit activity of the cerebral cortex of rabbits exposed to microwaves. 2012;62:22336. CAS Long term and excessive use of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation alter microRNA expression in brain. The frequencies of these devices are listed in Table1. Electromagn Biol Med. The authors found that 2.4GHz microwave radiation reduced the expression of some miRNAs such as miR-106b-5p and miR-107 [98]. Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted from W-CDMA-like mobile phones on sleep in humans. It has been shown that neurons are sensitive to reductions in the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in mitochondria, which have been reported to be vulnerable to microwave radiation [118]. Kayhan H, Esmekaya MA, Saglam AS, Tuysuz MZ, Canseven AG, Yagci AM, et al. broad definition in terms of frequencies between. Rev Environ Health. Effect of mobile radiation on health ppt . 1994;10:13548. [82] exposed animals to 900MHz microwave radiation for 2h/d for 10months and removed the brain tissues.
Blood biochemical parameters of the radio-link station. Bioelectromagnetics. The article's subject is the investigation of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the microwave frequency band in a typical human living environment, especially in shielded areas. Appl Biochem Biotechnol.
PPT Scientific, technical publications in the nuclear field | IAEA Joubert V, Bourthoumieu S, Leveque P, Yardin C. Apoptosis is induced by radiofrequency fields through the caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway in cortical neurons. CAS Resulting Effects on the Human Body. Most of the workers recovered when they left the source of microwave radiation.
The Dangers of Microwaves and Their Effects on Food - Natural Society MicroRNAs in neuronal function and dysfunction. For example, it can shorten reaction times so that people can better cope with danger. California Privacy Statement, Thus, the committee suggested that in the future, studies should explore the border between thermal and non-thermal effects and that specific effects, such as triggering the onset of thermoregulatory reactions, should be defined. [104] found that exposure to a 1.9GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4h at 0.1, 1.0, and 10W/kg did not affect gene expression in U87MG glioblastoma cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. We should ensure that we avoid excessive exposure to microwave radiation in daily life activities and use mobile phones appropriately despite information about its positive effects. 1996;180:917. Neurotoxicology. Neuroreport. Eastern J Med. Harris KM. Article Google Scholar. Regional cerebral glucose uptake in the 3xTG model of Alzheimer's disease highlights common regional vulnerability across AD mouse models. Effect on human attention of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones. 2003;80:177. Indian J Occup Environ Med. Sage C, Carpenter D, Hardell L. Comments on SCENIHR: opinion on potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields. Google Scholar. Sanders AP, Joines WT. Zhao L, Sun C, Xiong L, Yang Y, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. & Hu, XJ. 2010;473:525. Microarray gene expression profiling of a human glioblastoma cell line exposed in vitro to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency field.
Investigation of Microwave Electromagnetic Fields in Open and Shielded The authors detected the EEG within the frequency bands of 0.530.0Hz for 5 consecutive days. [92] found that 900MHz microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones increased protein carbonyl levels in the brains of rats, suggesting that 900MHz microwave radiation can alter some biomolecules such as proteins. Per the FDA, the microwave can heat human skin. Wang Q, Cao Z. Cookies policy. J Pharm Sci. Bioelectromagnetics. Cordless phone in power levels very high and microwave frequency level also high. Thurczy G, Kubinyi G, Bodo M, Bakos J, Szabo L. Simultaneous response of brain electrical activity (EEG) and cerebral circulation (REG) to microwave exposure in rats. Therefore, the authors concluded that exposure to a radiofrequency of 900MHz might trigger the neoplastic process because it produces a relative increase in the number of potentially long-lived cells.
1 Microwave Theory and Techniqes | PDF | Microwave - Scribd 2014;8:63. To determine the specific dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, more intensive studies must be performed. Durkin TP, Messier C, de Boer P, Westerink B. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. Sci STKE. Srinivasan R. Anatomical constraints on source models for high-resolution EEG and MEG derived from MRI. Acta Neurol Belg. P Nat Acad. 2015;36:4804. It has been suggested that there is an increased risk of glioma at the highest exposure levels, but biases and errors prevent causal interpretations of these data. Article Myung SK, Ju W, McDonnell DD, Lee YJ, Kazinets G, Cheng CT, et al. Neurosci Lett. Lee TM, Ho SM, Tsang LY, Yang SY, Li LS, Chan CC. Hans Hertel, a Swiss food scientist, initiated the first tests on microwaved food and microwave cooking to determine how microwaves affect human physiology and the blood. Synaptic plasticity is a special function of synapses, which play an important role in learning and memory processes [46], including structural and functional plasticity. radiations. [1] used 10 freely moving rats in which carbon electrodes were implanted in the cortex and dorsomedial hypothalamus. The hazard for human health from the electromagnetic radiations well be. Cobb et al. [62] irradiated Wistar rats, hippocampal synaptosomes and differentiated PC12 cells using microwaves (average power density, 30mW/cm2) for 5min, and the results showed that the post-exposure spatial memory of the rats was significantly decreased, the post-exposure levels of phosphorylated synapsin I (p-synapsin I) and GABA were decreased in the rat and cell experiments, and the post-exposure levels of vesicular GABA transporter and p-synapsin I were increased in small clear synaptic vesicles (which were abnormally assembled in presynaptic terminals) in the rat experiments. EEG data reflect the functional state of the brain by enlarging the autologous weak bioelectricity recorded by the EEG-recording instrument [47]. In the cell experiments, the T allele was significantly more vulnerable to microwaves than the C allele with regard to its transcription factor binding ability and the transcriptional activity and mRNA and protein expression of NR2B. Jeong J. EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
The biological effects of radio waves on human body tissues - ResearchGate 2017;326:291. Raised glucose levels enhance scopolamine-induced acetylcholine overflow from the hippocampus: an in vivo microdialysis study in the rat. Lai et al. Suhhova A, Bachmann M, Karai D, Lass J, Hinrikus H. Effect of microwave radiation on human EEG at two different levels of exposure. Most matter, including the human body, is largely . 2013;17:711. Lnn S, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M. Long-term mobile phone use and brain tumor risk. -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-soxazole propionic acid, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, Cross-modal visual-tactile object recognition, Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications/telephone, International agency for research on cancer, Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, Scientific committee on emerging and newly identified health risks. [15] assessed the use of mobile and cordless phones in 347 cases of melanoma in the head and neck region and 1184 controls and found no increased risk. The hippocampus plays roles in learning and memory, and the results of these studies suggest that the deficits in learning and memory functions observed after exposure to microwave irradiation might be due to abnormalities induced in hippocampal structures. 2008;29:52738. [65] irradiated Wistar rats with 10, 30 and 50mW/cm2 microwaves, and the results showed that in the cerebral cortex, only glycine (Gly) and asparagine (Asp) levels were increased. Singh et al. Mack et al. miRNAs are non-coding sequences with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides that have roles in cell development and differentiation and are also linked to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. Merola et al. Neuroscience. The normal function of synaptic vesicles depends on the normal expression of related proteins. Wang L, Hu X, Peng R. Influence of long-term microwave radiation on contents of amino acids and monoamines in urine of Wistar rats. Military Medical Research After 28days, the levels of Glu and Tau in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid were lower, indicating that the cognitive damage induced by microwave radiation is associated with a decrease in Glu [66, 67]. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kizil G, Kizil M, Cakir DU, Yokus B. Koch C, Zador A. Mosconi L, Tsui WH, Rusinek H, De Santi S, Li Y, Wang GJ, et al. In summary, there is evidence that microwave radiation can lead to alterations in protein synthesis or protein modifications; however, the results are controversial. Reactive oxygen species levels and DNA fragmentation on astrocytes in primary culture after acute exposure to low intensity microwave electromagnetic field. The rats in the study showed increases in spatial memory and glucose transporters, and this phenomenon indicated a corresponding increase in glucose uptake. Each of these effects are also caused by exposures to other microwave frequency EMFs, with Digestive System: The unstable catabolism of microwaved foods alters their elemental food substances, causing disorders in the digestive system. Yale J Biol Med. 2013;34:58998. Subsequently, significantly more DNA damage was observed in the exposed groups than in the sham group, and their study also indicated that oxidative stress and inflammation caused DNA damage in response to low-intensity microwave exposure. Cite this article. 2004;115:1490505. Does MW radiation affect gene expression, apoptotic level, and cell cycle progression of human sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells? Bioelectromagnetics. Szmigielski [23] collected retrospective data for Polish soldiers over 15years and showed that the prevalence of brain cancer was higher in each age group. Defective actin dynamics in dendritic spines: cause or consequence of age-induced cognitive decline? Because the frequency of microwaves is sufficiently high that the energy is absorbed, the subsequent heating of tissue becomes its major mechanism, and most biochemical and physiological responses are temperature-dependent. It has been reported that microwave radiation can induce lipid peroxidation of cell membranes and produce apoptotic signals [74, 75]. [80] found that irradiation with 900MHz, 2W/kg continuous microwaves for 24h induced an increase in rat neuronal apoptosis. [111] found that the rate of glucose metabolism in the brains of rats was lower after short-term exposure to microwave radiation, and the blood glucose management reduced the damage that was caused by microwave radiation due to the decreased glucose uptake (2.45MHz, 1mW/cm2, continuous radiation for 30 d at 3h/d), as were learning and memory capacity. 1992;114:16202. Privacy In a study investigating the influence of low-frequency microwave (450MHz) radiation on EEG, Hinrikus et al. 2015;56:2618. A resting eyes-closed electroencephalogram was used to continuously record the results, which showed that there was an increase in the power of the , 1 and 2 frequency bands in the 0.303W/kg group and in the 2 frequency bands in the 0.003W/kg group. 1992;6:379. This classical method is often used to test learning and memory abilities after exposure to microwave radiation. Gene. [14] found that gliomas are not preferentially located in the parts of the brain with the highest exposure. CAS Szmigielski S. Cancer morbidity in subjects occupationally exposed to high frequency (radiofrequency and microwave) electromagnetic radiation. Preece A, Iwi G, Davies-Smith A, Wesnes K, Butler S, Lim E, et al. Electromagn Biol Med. 1996;93:46938.
PDF Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Health: A Review of Sources and Effects Previous studies have shown that in unexposed control rats, hippocampal neurons are aligned in neat rows in which the edges are clear, nuclei are clear, nucleoli can be observed, and pyramidal cells do not exhibit obvious necrosis. [99] used a microarray and quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the miRNA expression profile in the hippocampus on days 7 and 14 after irradiation with a microwave at 30mW/cm2. BMJ. Megha K, Deshmukh PS, Banerjee BD, Tripathi AK, Ahmed R, Abegaonkar MP. This conclusion is consistent with the results of a previously reported study that showed that short-term exposure to microwave radiation can reduce reaction times and improve cognitive functions, attention and short-term memory capacity [28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. Behav Brain Res. Campisi A, Gulino M, Acquaviva R, Bellia P, Raciti G, Grasso R, et al. Ozben T. Oxidative stress and apoptosis: impact on cancer therapy. EEG is often used as a tool to diagnose Alzheimers disease [48]. Evaluation of Psychologic parameters in people occupationally exposed to radiofrequencies and microwave. Cordless phone radiation effect flows in a human body same way in the mobile phone [13]. [85] found that protein levels were reduced in rat brains following microwave radiation, which may have been caused by the excessive consumption or a reduction of the synthesis of proteins, and reduced protein synthesis can be caused by the following processes: (1) excessive activation of RNA enzymes; (2) mRNA consumption or the formation and maturation of RNA enzymes. Microwave exposure impairs synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampus and pc12 cells through over-activation of the nmda receptor signaling pathway. 2003;140:147. Koivisto M, Revonsuo A, Krause C, Haarala C, Sillanmki L, Laine M, et al. Koivisto M, Krause CM, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hmlinen H. The effects of electromagnetic field emitted by GSM phones on working memory. 2005;161:3314. However, to date, with the exception of high-power microwave radiation, which has widely established hazardous effects, the biological effects of microwaves remain controversial. The induced genes encoded proteins with a variety of functions, including neurotransmitter regulation, BBB maintenance, and melatonin production. It addresses the impact on developing head and brain tumours, other morbidity-related outcomes and summarizes the biological effects of RF and microwave radiation. . Therefore, their reproducibility and comparability are poor. Pathophysiology. Springer Nature. 2006;27:16471. When nerve endings are excited, the vesicles release their contents into the synaptic cleft, resulting in synaptic transmission. Nat Med. Mobile phone use facilitates memory in male, but not female, subjects. Neurobiol Learn Mem. Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J, Karai D, Tuulik V. Effect of low frequency modulated microwave exposure on human EEG: individual sensitivity. Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. [68] radiated Wistar rats with microwaves (30mW/cm2; SAR value, 14.1W/kg), and then detected the expression of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins and found that synaptophys in I and VAMP-2, which are synaptic fusion proteins, and synaptic vesicle proteins were abnormally expressed to different degrees. Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings . Conductors will strongly absorb microwaves and any lower frequencies because they will cause electric currents which will heat the material. 2013;5:5500110. The results indicated that repeated low-level exposure to extremely low frequency microwaves affects brain functioning and provide an additional approach to analyzing the underlying mechanisms. 2015;91:42634. PubMed The effects of microwave radiation on protein synthesis in brain remain undetermined. Google Scholar. Verma et al. Sareesh et al. Military Med Res 4, 29 (2017). Li Z, Peng RY, Wang SM, Wang LF, Gao YB, Ji D, et al. 2013;34:26474. Identification of a novel rat nr2b subunit gene promoter region variant and its association with microwave-induced neuron impairment. Verma RK, Sisodia R, Bhatia A. Radioprotective role of Amaranthus Gangeticus Linn. However, a recent report [3] published by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) noted that discussions about the thermal and non-thermal effects are misleading. Kumar M, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. 2006;98:170713. 2004;48:46624. Qutob S, Chauhan V, Bellier P, Yauk C, Douglas G, Berndt L, et al. 2010;1347:17985. Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on microRNA expression in brain tissue. Reactive oxygen species act through p38 MAPK to limit the lifespan of hematopoietic stem cells. Studies have extensively explored the underlying mechanisms by which microwaves influence learning and memory functions, especially synaptic structures and functions, oxidative stress and apoptosis, protein synthesis, genes and individual susceptibility and energy metabolism. Biochemical modifications and neuronal damage in brain of young and adult rats after long-term exposure to mobile phone radiations. This study also revealed the dose-dependent relationship of the modulated microwave effect: decreasing the SAR 100-fold reduced the associated changes in the EEG by three- to six-fold and decreased the number of affected subjects but did not completely eliminate the effects. as it have a harmful side. 2004;25:4957. They summarized the characteristics and functions of hippocampus-related miRNAs following irradiation with microwaves, and these data laid a foundation that clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying microwave-induced injury to hippocampal learning and memory and suggested potential therapeutic targets. Bioelectromagnetics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;53:210011. 2008;22:9927. The brain has been recognized as one of the organs that is most vulnerable to microwave radiation. Ellis CE, Murphy EJ, Mitchell DC, Golovko MY, Scaglia F, Barcel-Coblijn GC, et al. Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, Dysfunction of learning and memory abilities, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. PubMed Qutob et al. Furthermore, the expression of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) in cultured neurons was decreased. The central nervous system, especially the hippocampus, is highly sensitive to microwave radiation [43, 44]. CAS
Microwaves Technology : Basics, Effetcs & Its Applications - ElProCus Instead, the effects of exposure of hu-mans and other life forms must be deter-mined and used to set realistic permissi-ble exposure limits. 2008;169:3845. A large amount of heat can be generated to caused severe damage to the body. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Erdal ME, Erdal N, Ay OI, Ay ME, et al. Richter et al. LTP induction involves a signal transduction cascade that includes the release of glutamate from synaptic vesicles, activation of NMDAR at postsynaptic membranes, entry of Ca2+, and activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases) II, IV and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [71]. Microwave radiation can induce oxidative and nitrosative stress, which lead to hippocampal neuronal and non-neuronal apoptosis via the oxidative damage of cellular constituents (i.e., nucleic acids, proteins and lipids) and subsequent over expression of p53, which up-regulates Bax and down-regulates pro-caspase-3 and full-length/uncleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) 1, eventually inducing neuronal degeneration via apoptosis [76].
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