Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? A. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). It managed Japan's first on-line, real-time reservation system for Kinki Nippon Railways in 1960. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. 25. One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. What characteristic is common to most Personalized Learning Systems (PLS)? With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. True False The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. What have recent studies of online school performance compared with traditional school performance shown? The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. Harkening back to the hobbyist era of personal computing in the 1970s, Arduino begins as a project of the Interaction Design Institute, Ivrea, Italy. Plans for the Mark-8 cost $5 and the blank circuit boards were available for $50. With a distinctive anodized aluminum case, and hailed as the first true 64-bit personal computer, the Apple G5 is the most powerful Macintosh ever released to that point. Japan's SoftBank introduces the first camera phone, the J-Phone J-SH04; a Sharp-manufactured digital phone with integrated camera. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. Developed by the Japanese government to create global climate models, the Earth Simulator is a massively parallel, vector-based system that costs nearly 60 billion yen (roughly $600 million at the time). It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. For its January issue, hobbyist magazine Popular Electronics runs a cover story of a new computer kit the Altair 8800. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. The line was discontinued in 2014. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. any combo of hardware or software designed to provide services to us. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. The Central processing unit (CPU) serves as the primarily processing component of a computer system. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. A consortium of aerospace, energy, and marine science agencies undertook the project, and the system was built by NEC around their SX-6 architecture. Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The Programma 101 could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as calculate square roots. It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. Apollo was a leading innovator in the workstation field for more than a decade, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. News of the groundbreaking electronic ENIAC computer that same year inspired the group to change course and attempt a digital solution, whereby flight variables could be rapidly programmed in software. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. Definition. That's not as trivial. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. When Xerox PARC loaned the Stanford Engineering Department an entire Alto Ethernet network with laser printer, graduate student Andy Bechtolsheim re-designed it into a prototype that he then attached to Stanfords computer network. most important part of computer. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon position tables used in early planning of the 1969 Apollo XII moon landing. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. high interaction between students and the teacher. Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. The LEO was Englands first commercial computer and was performing useful work before any other commercial computer system in the world. Accept data (input) 2. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. Which of the following is an accepted design criterion for writing and publishing digital documents? See Answer. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? A later version of that machine became the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. 2. Reduced instruction set computers (RISC) grow out of the observation that the simplest 20 percent of a computers instruction set does 80 percent of the work. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. Using this system, the machine could work faster than any other at the time on a problem that could be parceled out among the many processors. The PowerBook line of computers was discontinued in 2006. What is the function of an IEP generator? Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. Over the next few years, the basic design of the IAS machine was copied in at least 17 places and given similar-sounding names, for example, the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois; the Johnniac at The Rand Corporation; and the SILLIAC in Australia. Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. The Mark 1 was a refinement of the experimental Manchester Baby and Manchester Mark 1 computers, also at Manchester University. Officially known as the Track Write, the automatically expanding full-sized keyboard used by the ThinkPad 701 is designed by inventor John Karidis. Originally a Cray XT3 system, the Jaguar is a massively parallel supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a US science and energy research facility. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. The upgraded and faster Tianhe-1A used Intel Xeon CPUs as well, but switched to nVidia's Tesla GPUs and added more than 2,000 Fei-Tang (SPARC-based) processors. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. They did. The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. Enterprise resource planning systems cannot be used for managing daily operations. In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. [2] ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. Nine of the computers, which featured dozens of advanced design innovations, were sold, mainly to national laboratories and major scientific users. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. A British government contract spurred its initial development but a change in government led to loss of funding and the second and only other Mark I was sold at a major loss to the University of Toronto, where it was re-christened FERUT. The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. A commercial version of Alan Turing's Pilot ACE, called DEUCEthe Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine -- is used mostly for science and engineering problems and a few commercial applications. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Total Cards. The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe Conceived in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. The Jaguar was used to study climate science, seismology, and astrophysics applications. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. Dollars. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? It was one of the first commercially available relational database management systems for microcomputers.