base realignment and closure 2022

All contents 2023 The Slate Group LLC. This guidance supersedes the February 1996 EPA Guidance for Implementing the Fast-Track Cleanup Program at Closing or Realigning Military Bases. It is a lifelong l [, Learning from military life experts through award-winning courses whenever it fits into your schedule may sound expensive, but its free t [, As a member of your service members support network, you may have heard the good news that bothactive-dutyandreservemilitary pers [, Pentagon Deputy Press Secretary Sabrina Singh will hold an on-cam [, The Department of Defense invites media to cover pre-trial procee [, The Defense Department invites media to cover pre-trial proceedin [, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III and Estonian Defense Min [, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III's post-NATO Defense [, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin IIIs post-Ukraine Defense [, Pentagon Press Secretary Air Force Brig. Memoranda of Understanding Between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Defense: U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) Resources. Looking ahead, however, the Hill should be wary of anything that looks like a backdoor BRAC subtle moves designed to eliminate units or reduce capabilities through clever bureaucratic maneuvering. Service members who planned on making the ARNG a career and who depend on active-duty drill pay to supplement their living might have made the tough decision to separate from service. Base Realignment and Closure Account - 2005 Commission Galena Forward Operating Location (FOL), Alaska (Dollars in Millions) April 2022 Exhibit BC-02 BRAC Implementation Costs 14 7RWDO Miguel Alejandro Laborde is a former NCO in the 160th SOAR (A) and a subject matter expert on defense aviation programs, capabilities and platforms, with decades' worth of experience in the aerospace industry supporting the joint force. that examines emerging technologies, public policy, and society. A tour of the Biddle ANG Base and NASJRB Willow Grove environmental restoration sites will be available to the public at the conclusion of the RAB meeting. Y% Ytd[XL]2/ %>4t_yY ^~e">?Dz^^bY!yo]q\p wp.%K"ft0DM/S&4{X{0[U)_+lS%KlKE6`LcTOvRih;=5"DMFZ2hdc#MQH ZfGrtc &&b e,k&oH39~u|YZGK{IB8C Y&jL'& FX/8L,E)=So==uNsMz|>l\~ZIx}T0;T*X{2J#= But how long will the Department of Defenseand the American taxpayerkeep paying the repair bills in these places? Long Beach. The language for this coming fiscal year reads: The committee recommends a provision that would prohibit the Department of Defense (DoD) from conducting another base realignment and closure (BRAC) round. 101-510, Title XXIX (codified as amended at 10 U.S.C. Regulatory Agency Contact Information Change, Former Naval Station/Naval Shipyard Long Beach. The Oldest Military Bases in America24/7 Wall St. China: Defense boost to meet 'complex security challenges'The Associated Press - en Espaol, German Chancellor Scholz pushes for rearmament and war against WSWS, Defense Innovation & Venture CapitalRealClearDefense, Synergy building new space for defense contractors near Wright Dayton Daily News, Committee Cliff Notes: Weekly Recap Week of February 28, 2023Majority Leader, Ukraine is running low on ammo. 1354 0 obj <>stream An official website of the United States government, Proposed Plan for Soil Remedial Action Installation Restoration Program Site 1, The United States Department of the Navy (Navy) requests public comment on its Proposed Plan for the remediation of soil impacted by naphthalene and munitions and explosives of concern (MEC) at Installation Restoration Program Site 1, including the Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Training Range , Notice of Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis and Public Comment Period Former Naval Weapons Station Concord Runway Debris Area (Site 0014), The U.S. Department of the Navy (DON), in coordination with the state and federalenvironmental regulatory agencies, encourages the public to comment on its EngineeringEvaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA) for a non-time-critical removal action (NTCRA) to identify andremove all metallic , Notice of Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis and Public Comment Period Former Naval Weapons Station Concord Bermed Area (UXO 0012), Mar. On a bipartisan basis, Congress has steadily shown a willingness to consider such resilience improvements, and the Biden administration just asked for $3 billion for climate initiatives in 2023. San Franciscos Presidio is a national park. The commission-style process has been compared to the Defense Department's Base Realignment and Closure program. To be sure, concerns about efforts to reduce the footprint and capabilities of the National Guard are not unfounded recent white papers promulgated in the public domain have hinted that policymakers should re-examine the Guard's role in the Total Army concept and that the National Guard could be ripe for some seismic restructuring. Military Construction & Family Housing Programs. 8pzpP(8R's\ Ja@0p8:F6@ Please welcome Eric Nelson as the new remedial project manager at the Regional Water Board on the Long Beach Naval Shipyard/Naval Station team. To date, DoD and Congress have implemented five Base Realignment and Closure BRAC rounds: 1988, 1991, 1993, 1995 and 2005. You can view the different BRAC site locations by state or agency at the Federal Facilities National Priorities List (NPL) and Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Sites Where You Live Web page. that are in the process of closing or redeveloping pursuant to base realignment and closure proceedings, including the former naval base facility on the Cooper River in and near the City of North Charleston, nor to the planned uses of, or construction of facilities on or near, that . base realignment and closure Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and Special Reports from The Economic Times. 1988 Base Realignment and Closure Commission; 1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission . What Happened Surprised Me. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A large portion of BRAC property was designated for transfer to other federal agencies or non-federal entities, such as states, tribes, local governments or private industries. The 2005 BRAC recommendations represent the most aggressive BRAC ever proposed, affecting more than 800 installations. Calendar information for the entire 2022-2023 school year can be found on hcps.org. US Air Force. (RAB) on 8 December 2022 at 10:00 am at Biddle ANG Base. The CIP is available on the Navy's website. endstream endobj startxref The meeting was open to the public. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. A tour of the Biddle ANG Base and NASJRB . endstream endobj 23 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj <> endobj 25 0 obj <>stream That was also the last year Congress authorized Base Realignment and Closure. Base Realignment and Closure Upon Notice From Governor of State. Other base realignment rounds occurred in 1988, 1991, 1993 and 1995. 3. L. 115-232, div. hbbd```b``>"H=fHVGHl09H@LG0 & BRAC Documents . US Navy. FY 2021 BASE REALIGNMENT AND CLOSURE DATA ARMY OVERVIEW Exhibit BC-01 BRAC Service Overview 2 life, safety and health until property is conveyed. Europe faces pressure to produce more. 2022 Florida Statutes (including 2022C, 2022D, and 2022A) Title XIX PUBLIC BUSINESS. 1346 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<68904510BC7AEC40AD9C4865BCC3ECD5>]/Index[1333 22]/Info 1332 0 R/Length 82/Prev 804075/Root 1334 0 R/Size 1355/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 92 0 obj <>stream EPA assists in the transfer of properties and provides regulatory oversight at many types of Department of Defense (DoD) sites, including Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) sites. This Notice is provided pursuant to section 2905(b)(7)(B)(ii) of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990. GAO has previously reported that it can be difficult to accurately predict total costs for environmental restoration without completing investigations into levels of contamination in accordance with land reuse plans. EPA serves the public by supporting innovative, cost-effective cleanups at federal facilities and the return of those facilities to productive use.

Actions to satisfy the intent of the recommendation have not been taken or are being planned.

, Executive Candidate Assessment and Development Program, The Secretary of Defense should ensure that the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Energy, Installations, and Environment, when reporting to Congress on the status of BRAC rounds, clearly identifies when sites are estimated to reach the site closeout milestone, the number of sites that are estimated to remain in long-term management, and the estimated costs associated with long-term management of these sites. For example, long-standing ARNG units and squadrons would no longer exist in their communities, limiting the Guard's ability to rapidly and effectively respond to emerging domestic emergencies. It was just BRAC, or Base Realignment and Closurethe process by which the U.S. Department of Defense decides which military bases live or die. Williams Air Force Base in Mesa, Arizona, for example, was closed in 1991 and is today part Superfund site, part commercial airport, and part college campus. hmo08OT))[L}aRFNx~{|Nc\?/e,pd9 D@!N`3!zSBR,f6l,4$UH:!u%Rr50"D?V$n93gFB:z -6Wre . We counsel states, local governments, local redevelopment authorities ("LRAs") and other similar organizations, as well as lenders, developers and utility providers, on matters . Pre-Trial Hearing, Military Commissions Media Invitation Announced for United States v. Encep Nurjaman et al. Pre-Trial Hearing, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III and Estonian Defense Minister Hanno Pekvur Hold a Joint Press Conference, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III Press Conference Following the NATO Defense Ministerial in Brussels, Belgium, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Army Gen. Mark A. Milley Press Conference in Brussels, Belgium, post-Ukraine Defense Contact Group, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III Welcomes Canadian Minister of National Defense to the Pentagon, China: Defense boost to meet 'complex security challenges' - The Associated Press - en Espaol, German Chancellor Scholz pushes for rearmament and war against - WSWS, Defense Innovation & Venture Capital - RealClearDefense, Synergy building new space for defense contractors near Wright - Dayton Daily News, Committee Cliff Notes: Weekly Recap Week of February 28, 2023 - Majority Leader, Ukraine is running low on ammo. The Department of Defense invites media to cover pre-trial proceedings in the case of United States v. Khalid Shaikh Mohammad, Walid Muhamma [, The Defense Department invites media to cover pre-trial proceedings for Encep Nurjaman, Mohammed Nazir Bin Lep and Mohammed Farik Bin Amin, [. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission was a presidential advisory commission under the Office of the Secretary, Department of Defense. Community Involvement Plan (CIP): The Navy assesses the effectiveness of its community outreach efforts every two years. That question may be bigger than BRAC, which is actually a singularly unpopular bureaucratic maneuver. 63 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5E01628F9971E7462AF8239A7534AE7F>]/Index[22 71]/Info 21 0 R/Length 161/Prev 147609/Root 23 0 R/Size 93/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Base Realignment and Closure Sites Restoration Status as of September 2020 . It also provides a. 2 votes. As of Wednesday, the White House had . \n)3qHFBH `D|r(%cr#Ul>u""wHJ2.aN(/cWvelLykn5rEJ|euu]olD3qZ|l6UUMM> ip#!]t 0[QG9W>hW,r]0!@8c$#3L~GRl$SA8ek="? Pentagon Press Secretary Brig. Thin People Are Taking Ozempic to Get Thinner. In BRAC rounds I-IV, EPA assists in the transfer of both BRAC and National Priorities List (NPL) sites, also known as Superfund Sites. 08 Restoration Advisory Board Meeting, Former Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove, Virtual Restoration Advisory Board Meeting, The Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command Base Realignment and Closure Office (NAVFAC BRAC PMO) announces a hybrid in-person/virtual meeting of the former Naval Air Station South Weymouth Restoration Advisory Board (RAB) on 8 December 2022 at 7:00 am at the Southfield Redevelopment Authority Conference Room. This page was last edited on 12 March 2022, at 22:05 (UTC). The Defense Department announces the authorization of a President [, President Joe Biden signed a presidential determination authorizi [, The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Oper [, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III, published a message to [, Undersecretary of Defense of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainm [, President Joe Biden signed a presidential waiver of some statutor [, Performing the duties of Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Pol [, Media Invitation Announced for United States v. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed et al. Senate Report 116-48 directed DOD to prepare a report by November 2019 to provide information on the costs and savings for each BRAC round. DOD reports some future BRAC costs but does not provide complete and transparent information to Congress regarding an end date for all BRAC rounds or details on long-term management costs. Closed bases go on to a variety of futures. The cluster of military facilities in Hampton Roads, Virginia, including the worlds largest naval facility, are a special case. This page was last edited on 17 May 2022, at 06:22 (UTC). GAO is an independent, nonpartisan agency that works for Congress. 1207 0 obj <>stream hXKs6WCuB/doLiIL$R&i+@Rre+Mfbb}~ | d`EW7WB9Inko[Xw3,G NrYhB37q:0 Turning Bases Into Great Places: New Life for Closed Military Facilities outlines the steps for creating a redevelopment vision using smart-growth principles. Because these facilities often encompass hundreds of acres with buildings, roads and . All rights reserved. This requires each military community to better support its military base to increase its military value. hb```f``qA2,"2,00pOnh pi$P4mGWyBC!a]c Today, its a sleepy training facility, ringed by shuttered businesses. DOD's estimated annual recurring savings are outdated. %%EOF The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990, Pub. endstream endobj startxref What GAO Found . Even that wont be enough, however, for places like Norfolk, which may require more radical land use management, realignment of some key missions, and doubling down on shared community resilience measures. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The public is invited to attend. We recommended that DOD address this issue and more in future reports to Congress. EPA also helps accelerate the transfer of federal propertyby coordinating environmental cleanup activities and crafting innovative property transfer arrangements. 0-9. In 2017, the Defense Department determined that it had nearly 20 percent excess infrastructure, and officials sought another round of BRAC to free up . 0 The artillery pieces, adding to 18 already delivered, would be financed from a 200-million-euro ($217-million) pot France set up to fund arms for Kyiv, Lecornu told a [], DefenceTalkLeopard tanks pledged by Germany to help Ukraine repel Russias invasion will arrive in late March, early April, Defence Minister Boris Pistorius said on Thursday. Under the Base Realignment and Closure Act of 2005 (BRAC) a number of communities have military installations that are slated to close. Costs may also change due to new laws and increased contaminant levels after follow-on testing. DOD concurred with GAO's two recommendations. xM45WohN+R_M4 The Navy recently announced a $200 million project to address the problem by raising the piers, which seems a bit like moving your sandcastle a foot up the beach when the tide starts coming in. Today's Defense Department contracts valued at $7.5 million or more are now live on Defense.gov. So looking toward the next fiscal year and associated force structure planning, be watchful for any table of organization and equipment gimmicks that seek to remodel our forces for bureaucratic purposes with no strategic benefit. 4. Essentially, as ARNG units are eliminated to find money and capability to shore up the strength of the active Army, all of the force-multipliers (i.e., economic stimulus generated and capabilities at the State level) are eliminated as well. Forwebsite questionsemail thewebmaster McCollum notwithstanding, most members of Congress would probably rather poke their eyes out with a fork than allow another round of base closures in their districts. Although the BRAC team has transferred nearly 98% of the property portfolio totaling . Defense News. The 2nd and 3rd order effects of such changes would be highly visible as well. In this report, GAO (1) analyzes how BRAC spending compared to initial estimates, (2) evaluates the extent DOD reported complete and transparent estimates for BRAC future costs and end dates, and (3) evaluates the extent DOD's 2019 BRAC report presented valid findings for realized savings. This was driven in part by environmental restoration costs, which could not be fully captured in initial estimates. The Commission was established March 26, 1991 under the authority of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (Pub. hbbd```b``="I| L~3c$cdD2*0yDFH#@#>X=#Q? McCollum, the powerful . Base Realignment and Closure Sites Restoration Status as of September 2020\tii. Pages in category "Base Realignment and Closure Commission" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. "lhyV)XzPuB/r:SgFq=Or O!mrbsjc">Jh&qQ1kP>M]GcBsz_;Q* TP?#\6m}%2u+x 0. BRAC and EPAs Federal Facility Cleanup Program: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command Base Realignment and Closure Office (NAVFAC BRAC PMO) and the Air National Guard (ANG) announce a hybrid in-person/virtual meeting of the Willow Grove Air Station Restoration Advisory Board . BASE REALIGNMENT AND CLOSURE . 1198 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<2069B60396961A4E8492C725B3BD7BA6><47F37675941C7D45BB8F399DDB580E73>]/Index[1184 24]/Info 1183 0 R/Length 85/Prev 754328/Root 1185 0 R/Size 1208/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Perfluorooctanoic Acid at Base Realignment . However, DOD did not include the number of such sites or related costs in its 2019 report. This is one time when sounding the retreat may be the only way to win the battle. Pub. base realignment and closure Blogs, Comments and Archive News on Economictimes.com Unmatched in the BRAC field, the Matrix team is highly adept at creatively addressing community development goals within the framework of the Department of Defense's approach to property disposition. Publicly Released: Sep 28, 2022. September 30, 2016 marked the end of thirty years of EPAs involvement at BRAC facilities that are not on the National Priorities List (NPL). . es^ESF#AnP"j/c:nAE2P>a%,? To see a list of Federal Facilities NPL sites within each state click on the map below. Military Bases: DOD Should Address Challenges with Communication and Mission Changes to Improve Future Base Realignment and Closure Rounds Listen to Our Recent Podcasts The Department of Defense and its industrial base depend on information technology systems and electronic data to do their work. However, EPAs involvement at non-NPL BRAC is limited to site-specific situations. As Congress and the administration seek to enhance our military to face the challenges ahead, and as the hard work is done to apply limited dollars toward a litany of requirements, the National Guard should be recognized as a cost-saver and not a cost-burden. /nIHQpcF GAO discussed its preliminary review of the Defense Secretary's Commission on Base Realignment and Closure's recommendations for realigning or closing military installations. We are strengthening the iron fist of the Polish Army to efficiently deter [], DefenceTalkFreshly arrived at Cincu army training camp, 120mm cannons loaded on French tanks are already booming out across the muddy firing range as NATO bolsters its forces in Romania, a member country bordering Ukraine. Gen. Pat Ryder will hold an on-camera press briefing in the Alternate Pentagon Briefing Room. . While investing resources in recalculating potential savings may not be worthwhile, reporting information on the caveats and limitations of the savings estimate would provide Congress greater clarity and insight on the precision and currency of the estimate. a When a site had more than one phase planned or ongoing, we included it in the count for the earliest phase.. DOD reports some future BRAC costs but does not provide complete and transparent information to Congress regarding an end date for all BRAC rounds or details on long-term management costs. Abbreviation is mostly used in categories: Military Base Closure Realignment Business. Future Tense It provides a partial list of military installations closing or realigning pursuant to the 2005 Defense Base Closure and Realignment (BRAC) Report. DOD data show it has closed 7,334 (83 percent) of the total BRAC sites. April 2022 . 1. (BRAC 5) list for realignments and closures does not change EPAs core environmental responsibilities relative to characterization and cleanup of an installation on the Superfund NPL. 2023 - BRACWatch Provides Free & Fee Based Services Serving our Community, Sponsors and Him. is a partnership of . Base Realignment And Closure, Doing business the federal government, Federal contracting, Business strategy and technology, Department of Defense related spending and budgetary concerns. Figure 3: Future Funding Needed to Complete Prior BRAC Rounds, as of September 2020, Adjusted to Fiscal Year 2022 Dollars\t14. Please click here to see any active alerts. The 2019 BRAC report identifies $12 billion in annual savings from the five BRAC rounds, an estimate DOD has previously reported. GAO examined the information reported to Congress on costs and savings of BRAC, analyzed information from a database on environmental restoration efforts and from a non-generalizable sample of nine bases, and interviewed DOD officials. Official websites use .gov Some in the national security community are advocating for more U.S. military base realignment and closures, but others question whether pursuing it would be worth the inevitable political battle. Download PDF. What does BRAC mean? Official websites use .gov . Please note, half-day PreK will NOT meet on early dismissal dates. This list may not reflect recent changes . But in a hearing back in 2019, other Members of Congress floated a different metric for deciding which bases to close: vulnerability to natural disasters. Some lawmakers and veterans organizations have . We work extensively with other federal agencies, state and local governments, and community representatives to ensure that facilities meet environmental standards and are ready for redevelopment. NBC News, State of the Marine Corps 2023Defense One, Congress can put Army modernization back on trackBreaking Defense, Breaking the Cycle of Incremental Acquisition ReformWar On The Rocks, 'The last supper': How a 1993 Pentagon dinner reshaped the WBUR News, Singapore to buy eight more F-35B jetsDefense News, Federal workers oppose proposed Pentagon civilian workforce cutRoll Call, Boeing will close Super Hornet production line in 2025Defense News, Biden prepares largest Pentagon budget in history as spending cuts POLITICO, Getting Serious About Responsible Defense SpendingHeritage.org, Fighting intensifies in Bahkmut as U.S. pledges more military aid to CBS News, Tai named Military Citizen of the YearMeridian Star, China says military budget to increase again by appropriate levelThe Guardian, Soo Eagles help collect donations for military familiesSault Ste. This FY 202 budget submission provides the costs and savings of implementing all closures and realignment actions and environmental restoration The BRAC and EPAs Federal Facility Cleanup Program: Three Decades of Excellence, Innovation and Reuse report takes a closer look at EPAs work in support of DoD and its BRAC environmental restoration and reuse efforts over the past three decades. Figure 1: Major Milestones in the CERCLA Process\t6 . Aug 22, 2022 HPNS Citizens Advisory Committee Presentation, The Aug 22, 2022 presentation given to the HPNS Citizens Advisory Committee can be accessed, Former Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach Detachment Concord, Former DoD Housing Facility Novato/Hamilton Army Airfield, Former Fleet and Industrial Supply Center Oakland /Alameda Annex, Former Naval Auxiliary Landing Field (NALF), Crows Landing, Former Naval Construction Battalion Davisville, Former Naval Air Warfare Center Warminster, Former Naval Surface Warfare Center White Oak, Former Naval Surface Warfare Center Annapolis, Marine Corps Support Activity Kansas City, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. The scenario calls for a major conflict with an unspecified foreign state to be played out, said Yves Metayer, commander of the troop deployment division [], DefenceTalkThe Israeli government on Sunday confirmed Major General Herzi Halevi, a former military intelligence head who led forces along the Gaza border, as the countrys next military chief. Prior Year Financing. March 9, 2017. The last four rounds of base closing -- in 1988, 1991, 1993 and 1995 -- resulted in 97 major base closures, 55 "major realignments" and 235 "minor actions" for a net savings of $18 billion through . 2022 Currently selected; 2021; 2020; 2019; 2018; 2017; 2016; 2015; 2014; 2013; 2012; Archive; Site Contents DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY SUMMARY. 2022, and every second February 1 thereafter, the chairperson of the Interagency Coordination Group shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of . hV]lTEvw(n4FR.F>KZZ7Dm6`r>(i"4M 5 59gf93y d@:/W!ZW(C5@1v;wG.e3jl r+Do2|(!OZ^^+v>[y=_6)@-zPkaY Service Base/Camp Project Title CY 2022 Total Army 101,000 101,000 Camp Humphreys Unaccompanied Enlisted Personnel Housing 53,000 53,000 Type I Aircraft Parking Apron & Parallel Taxiway 48,000 48,000 . District Judge Trevor, A new look at 2017 test data reveals an explosion 16 times as powerful than the one that leveled Hiroshima.. More generally, the Pentagon should ruthlessly integrate disaster risk reduction into how it spends all military construction, operations, maintenance, and related dollars. Whether a DoD facility is included in the BRAC 2005Interim Guidance for EPAs Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Program (April 27, 2006). 2022. Congress approved the creation in 2018 of an Asset and Infrastructure Review Commission to work on the "modernization or realignment" of VA properties. The committee is encouraged by these efforts and looks forward to reviewing these results prior to any future BRAC round request. In fact, governors, state legislatures, and even local leadership at the city and county level should all pay attention to any hinted moves at the national level to shuffle around National Guard units and squadrons. Wildfires and drought have dogged defense facilities across California, and melting permafrost is racking up significant bills in Alaska. Pre-Trial Hearing Military Commissions Media Invitation Announced for United States v. Encep Nurjaman et al.